mortality/aging
• between E14.5 and E17.5 50% of homozygotes die
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• the majority of homozygotes born alive die around P10
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renal/urinary system
• significant numbers of apoptotic cells are seen in the inner medulla, unlike in wild-type kidneys
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• at P70-P120, large abnormal regions of the medulla and cortex were distorted by tubular and interstitial inflammation
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• at P70-P120, mutant kidneys were grossly malformed, having an irregular surface and severe segmental atrophy
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• at 3-4 weeks of age, the outer and inner stripes of the outer medulla were not well defined
• a higher cell density was seen in homozygotes compared to wild-type mice
• the architecture of the outer medulla was disrupted
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• at 3-4 weeks of age, the morphology of the inner stripe of the outer medulla was indistinct, unlike in wild-type kidneys
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• at 3-4 weeks of age, enlargement of the renal pelvis was observed, indicating progressive atrophy of the medulla
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• atrophic papillae were seen at 3-4 weeks of age
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• disruption of the outer medulla architecture, lack of complete papilla, and enlargement of the renal pelvis are indicative of progressive renal atrophy
• medullary atrophy was associated with the presence of apoptotic bodies in the inner medulla
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• the tubules in the outer medulla are curved rather than straight
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• epithelial cells in the medullary renal tubules lacked the normal cuboidal character seen in wild-type kidneys
• instead, epithelial cells were tightly packed with an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
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• microcystic dilation of the renal tubules was seen in areas adjacent to the atrophic medulla
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homeostasis/metabolism
• osmoprotective gene expression in the kidney medulla is inhibited in homozygotes
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growth/size/body
• the body weight of those homozygotes that survive to adulthood is about half that of wild-type
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immune system
• at P70-P120, large abnormal regions of the medulla and cortex were distorted by tubular and interstitial inflammation
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cellular
• significant numbers of apoptotic cells are seen in the inner medulla, unlike in wild-type kidneys
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