mortality/aging
• homozygous mutant embryos were still viable at E18.5 but died at birth probably due to asphyxiation
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cellular
• mutants exhibited a defect in the phagocytic phase of apoptosis: they contained large DNA-containing bodies (DCBs) that resulted from engulfed but undigested cell corpses
• DCBs were TUNEL-positive and ~10-fold larger than normal nuclei
• at E13.5, DCBs were predominantly found in the liver, base of the diaphragm, brain, spinal cord, adrenal gland and many other tissues; the liver contained the highest number of DCBs
• at E14, DCBs persisted in the cerebellum and choroid plexus of mutant embryos; apoptosis is normally absent in these tissues at this stage
• at E15.5, DCBs were also found in the interdigital region, where apoptosis normally occurs to remove webbing
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hematopoietic system
• mutants displayed abnormal fetal definitive erythropoiesis in the liver and failed to degrade erythrocyte DNA
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muscle
• mutant lungs failed to inflate and exhibited a diaphragmatic hernia
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