mortality/aging
• homozygous embryos die around E10 from heart failure
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cardiovascular system
• vascular chambers appear to be decreased in the embryo proper
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• the primitive vascular plexus fails to develop into a mature vascular network in homozygous embryos
• at E9.0 the vascular plexuses fuse to form large blood pockets
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• myofibril bundles formed elongated stress fiberlike dense bodies or highly disorganized arrays with little interdigitation of thin and thick fibers rather than the organized M and Z lines seen in wild-type hearts
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• at E9.5 the single fused chamber has overdeveloped trabeculae
• trabecular myocytes are increased in number and more discontinuous in homozygous embryos
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• between E9.0 and E10.5 homozygous embryos display abnormal looping
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• at E9.5 the heart tube consists of only a single fused chamber
• the right ventricle fails to develop in hearts from homozygous mutants
• the single ventricle is abruptly connected to the outflow tract
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• at E9.5 massive pericardial effusion can be seen in homozygous embryos
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• at E9.5 the developing heart in homozygous embryos produces only minor tremors instead of the peristaltic contractions seen in hearts from wild-type mice
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embryo
• the primitive vascular plexus fails to develop into a mature vascular network in homozygous embryos
• at E9.0 the vascular plexuses fuse to form large blood pockets
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• significant growth retardation is seen by E9.5 in homozygous embryos
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• at E9.5 decreased growth of the brain and facial primordia is seen in homozygous embryos
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hematopoietic system
• erythroid cell membranes from homozygous embryos fragment and deform more easily compared to erythroid cells from wild-type embryos
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• about 2% of primitive red blood cells are binucleated in homozygous embryos, no binucleated red blood cells are seen in wild-type embryos
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muscle
• myofibril bundles formed elongated stress fiberlike dense bodies or highly disorganized arrays with little interdigitation of thin and thick fibers rather than the organized M and Z lines seen in wild-type hearts
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• at E9.5 the single fused chamber has overdeveloped trabeculae
• trabecular myocytes are increased in number and more discontinuous in homozygous embryos
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growth/size/body
• significant growth retardation is seen by E9.5 in homozygous embryos
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homeostasis/metabolism
• at E9.5 massive pericardial effusion can be seen in homozygous embryos
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