mortality/aging
• homozygous mutants die within several hours of birth with a ruptured gut
|
cellular
• at E11.0 increased apoptosis in the ventral craniofacial mesenchyme and first branchial arch is seen in mutant embryos
|
• at E12.5, homozygous mutant metanephroi with T-shaped UBs display apoptotic cells not only in the anterior region (as in wild-type controls) but also in the ventral MM region
• at E12.5, the number of apototic cells in homozygous mutant metanephroi is significantly higher than that in E12.0- and E12.25 wild-type metanephroi with T-shaped UBs
|
craniofacial
• at E18.5 in the most severely affected mutant embryos (8 out of 57) the rostral skull is absent
|
• at E18.5 in the most severely affected mutant embryos (8 out of 57) the maxillary bone is absent
|
• at E18.5 a cleft secondary palate is seen in 40% (6/15) of mutant embryos
|
• at E18.5 in the most severely affected mutant embryos (8 out of 57) the nose is absent
|
digestive/alimentary system
• rupture of the gut is seen in almost all homozygous neonates
|
• at E18.5 a cleft secondary palate is seen in 40% (6/15) of mutant embryos
|
embryo
• at E12.5, homozygous mutant metanephroi with T-shaped UBs display apoptotic cells not only in the anterior region (as in wild-type controls) but also in the ventral MM region
• at E12.5, the number of apototic cells in homozygous mutant metanephroi is significantly higher than that in E12.0- and E12.25 wild-type metanephroi with T-shaped UBs
|
• expression of markers of the anterior neural plate are barely detectable and expression of markers of the posterior neural plate is expanded anteriorly
|
renal/urinary system
• at E12.5, homozygous mutant metanephroi with T-shaped UBs display apoptotic cells not only in the anterior region (as in wild-type controls) but also in the ventral MM region
• at E12.5, the number of apototic cells in homozygous mutant metanephroi is significantly higher than that in E12.0- and E12.25 wild-type metanephroi with T-shaped UBs
|
• at E12.5, about 22% (6 of 27) of homozygous mutant metanephroi exhibit T-shaped UBs, never seen in heterozygous controls
|
• at E12.5, ureteric bud branching is delayed and T-shaped, bifurcated UBs are frequently observed, unlike in wild-type metanephroi
|
• at E18.5, 13% (4/32) of homozygous mutants lack kidneys but still have adrenal glands
(J:90666)
• at E18.5, 1 of 32 of homozygotes display bilateral renal agenesis
(J:125187)
• however, all surviving kidneys are of normal size
(J:125187)
|
• at E18.5, 3 of 32 of homozygotes display unilateral renal agenesis
|
• at E18.5, renal agenesis is always accompanied by the loss of the ipsilateral ureter
• however, adrenal glands and gonads are present
|
• at E12.5, the number of ureteric bud (UB) tips is significantly reduced in homozygous mutant metanephroi relative to that in heterozygous controls (less than 5 vs. 6-7 tips, respectively)
• at E12.5, about 22% (6 of 27) of homozygous mutant metanephroi exhibit arrest of UB branching at the T-shaped stage, unlike heterozygous controls
|
• at E12.5, the UB reaches neither anterior nor ventral mesenchymal regions in 22% of cases
|
respiratory system
• at E18.5 in the most severely affected mutant embryos (8 out of 57) the nose is absent
|
skeleton
• at E18.5 in the most severely affected mutant embryos (8 out of 57) the rostral skull is absent
|
• at E18.5 in the most severely affected mutant embryos (8 out of 57) the maxillary bone is absent
|
vision/eye
anophthalmia
(
J:90666
)
• at E18.5 in the most severely affected mutant embryos (8 out of 57) the eyes are absent
|
nervous system
• at E18.5 development of the cerebrum is defective in 47% (7/15) of homozygous embryos
|
exencephaly
(
J:90666
)
• at E18.5 in the most severely affected mutant embryos (8 out of 57) exencephaly is seen
|
growth/size/body
• at E18.5 truncation of the rostral head is seen
|
• at E18.5 a cleft secondary palate is seen in 40% (6/15) of mutant embryos
|
• at E18.5 in the most severely affected mutant embryos (8 out of 57) the nose is absent
|