endocrine/exocrine glands
• average islet mass is significantly greater in mutants possibly to compensate for decreased insulin secretion per gram DNA
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homeostasis/metabolism
• fasting mutants show an enhanced response to glucagon indicating increased gluconeogenesis
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• increased fasting and fed blood glucose levels are seen
• hepatic glucose output is increased
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• lower basal serum glucagon levels are seen
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• serum insulin is increased in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests and in fed mutants compared to wild-type mice
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• mutants display glucose intolerance associated with increased serum insulin
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• liver glycogen levels are not decreased after fasting
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liver/biliary system
• liver glycogen levels are not decreased after fasting
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