mortality/aging
• mutant embryos begin to die around E10.5 however at E9.5 only 20% cre expressing homozygous embryos were found, rather than the expected 25%
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cardiovascular system
• the cytoplasmic volume of the cardiomyocytes is reduced
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• the trabeculae are thinner and less-abundant
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• at E11.5 the myocardial wall is severely disorganized
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• at E11.5 the myocardial wall is severely disorganized with varying degrees of ventricular atrophy, the thickness of the compact layer is significantly reduced, and the atrial wall thickness is severely reduced
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• the interventricular septum is thinner and disorganized
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• the lumens of the right and left atria are significantly enlarged
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• starting at E10.5 embryos develop severe hemorrages in and around the cardiac and ventral body wall regions
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cellular
• a dramatic increase in apoptotic cells is seen at E11.5 in the heart, limb buds, epidermis, and vessels
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growth/size/body
• by E13.5 only growth-retarded or resorbed embryos are found
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muscle
• the cytoplasmic volume of the cardiomyocytes is reduced
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• the trabeculae are thinner and less-abundant
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• at E11.5 the myocardial wall is severely disorganized
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• at E11.5 the myocardial wall is severely disorganized with varying degrees of ventricular atrophy, the thickness of the compact layer is significantly reduced, and the atrial wall thickness is severely reduced
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embryo
• by E13.5 only growth-retarded or resorbed embryos are found
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