immune system
• at 40 weeks, pancreata of females show widespread invasive and destructive insulits, while males exhibit mild insulitis
• transgenic mice developed diabetes at a higher incidence when injected with cyclophosphamide at 11 weeks compared to 6 weeks of age, indicating that insulitis is increasing in severity with age
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• GAD65-reactive T cells from transgenic mice produce significantly lower levels of IFNG than those from NOD controls
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• IL-4 levels produced by GAD65 responsive T cells of transgenic mice are 9-fold higher compared to NOD controls
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• transgenic mice develop autoimmune pathologies against salivary gland, thyroid and kidney comparable to conrol NOD mice, but no islet-directed autoimmune response is observed
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• no males develop diabetes (blood glucose >300 mg/dl) during the 40 week evaluation period compared to 60% incidence in non-transgenic NOD male controls; 25% of females develop diabetes by 40 weeks compared to 90% of NOD control females
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• at 40 weeks, pancreata of females show widespread invasive and destructive insulits, while males exhibit mild insulitis
• transgenic mice developed diabetes at a higher incidence when injected with cyclophosphamide at 11 weeks compared to 6 weeks of age, indicating that insulitis is increasing in severity with age
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
type 1 diabetes mellitus | DOID:9744 |
OMIM:222100 |
J:36435 |