Analysis Tools
immune system
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• the ratio between CD4-CD8+/ CD4+CD8- T cells exceeds 1 compared to 0.3 in controls
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• thymus lacks a clearly defined cortical region with thymocytes spread out through the medulla in a loosely packed manner
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• thymus is visibly smaller with 4 to 5 fold less cells than controls
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• an increased proportion of CD3+ thymocytes co-express alphabeta TCR in the thymus of 6 week old mice
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• the proportion but not absolute number of double negative T cells found in the thymus is increased
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• the proportion and absolute number of double positive T cells is greatly reduced in the thymus
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• there is a 5-fold drop in the number of CD4 T cells found in lymph nodes
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• the proportion but not absolute number of CD4 T cells found in the thymus is increased
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• CD8 T cells are absent in the spleen, lymph nodes, and in circulation
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• the proportion and absolute number of CD8 T cells is greatly increased in the thymus
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• mice infected with Syphacia obvelata pinworm have higher serum levels of IgG2a
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• CD4 T cells in the spleen or lymph nodes have significantly less calcium flux when activated
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• double positive thymocytes have greater increases in calcium concentration flux when activated through their TCR complex
• single positive thymocytes have dramatically lower fluxes in intracellular calcium concentrations when activated through their TCR complex
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• tartate-resistant acid phosphatase activity by osteoclasts is markedly reduced
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• unstimulated thymocytes isolated from mice as young as E18 secrete IL-4 in culture
• the amount of IL-4 secreted is 25 to 70 pg/ml over a 24 hour period
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• conventionally housed transgenic mice in one facility invariably developed severe intestinal infection with the Syphacia obvelata pinworm
• megacolon, rectal prolapse, and cecal perforation were frequent with this infection and mice invariably died between 6-12 weeks of age
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skeleton
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• osteocalcin level in sera are half that of wild-type mice indicating less osteoblast activity
• there is a profound decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts lining the periosteum, endosteum, and trabeculae
• percent of bone surface labeled in vivo with tetracycline is 32.2% versus 49.0% in wild-type controls
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• tartate-resistant acid phosphatase activity by osteoclasts is markedly reduced
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• the anterior-posterior cross section of femurs is significantly increased
• the medial-lateral cross section is not increased giving the bones a more rounded appearance
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• between 3 to 6 months of age, mice develop an exaggerated curvature of the spine
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• cortical thinning of the skeleton occurs by 2 months of age with bones looking translucent upon necropsy
• there is a significant reduction in the mean cortical thickness and percent cortical area at the midshaft of the radius and the ulna
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• trabecular mass in vertebrae and long bones is substantially decreased
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osteoporosis
(
J:107359
)
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• decreased bone mass but no excess of unmineralized matrix indicates these mice are osteoperotic
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• both the stiffness and the failure load of femurs is significantly reduced
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• mice are slightly hyperphosphatemic with values of 9.2 mg/dl compared to 8.1 mg/dl in controls
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limbs/digits/tail
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• the anterior-posterior cross section of femurs is significantly increased
• the medial-lateral cross section is not increased giving the bones a more rounded appearance
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hematopoietic system
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• the ratio between CD4-CD8+/ CD4+CD8- T cells exceeds 1 compared to 0.3 in controls
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• thymus lacks a clearly defined cortical region with thymocytes spread out through the medulla in a loosely packed manner
|
|
• thymus is visibly smaller with 4 to 5 fold less cells than controls
|
|
• an increased proportion of CD3+ thymocytes co-express alphabeta TCR in the thymus of 6 week old mice
|
|
• the proportion but not absolute number of double negative T cells found in the thymus is increased
|
|
• the proportion and absolute number of double positive T cells is greatly reduced in the thymus
|
|
• there is a 5-fold drop in the number of CD4 T cells found in lymph nodes
|
|
• the proportion but not absolute number of CD4 T cells found in the thymus is increased
|
|
• CD8 T cells are absent in the spleen, lymph nodes, and in circulation
|
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• the proportion and absolute number of CD8 T cells is greatly increased in the thymus
|
|
• mice infected with Syphacia obvelata pinworm have higher serum levels of IgG2a
|
|
• CD4 T cells in the spleen or lymph nodes have significantly less calcium flux when activated
|
|
• double positive thymocytes have greater increases in calcium concentration flux when activated through their TCR complex
• single positive thymocytes have dramatically lower fluxes in intracellular calcium concentrations when activated through their TCR complex
|
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• tartate-resistant acid phosphatase activity by osteoclasts is markedly reduced
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• the ratio between CD4-CD8+/ CD4+CD8- T cells exceeds 1 compared to 0.3 in controls
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• thymus lacks a clearly defined cortical region with thymocytes spread out through the medulla in a loosely packed manner
|
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• thymus is visibly smaller with 4 to 5 fold less cells than controls
|
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• double positive thymocytes have greater increases in calcium concentration flux when activated through their TCR complex
• single positive thymocytes have dramatically lower fluxes in intracellular calcium concentrations when activated through their TCR complex
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cellular
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• osteocalcin level in sera are half that of wild-type mice indicating less osteoblast activity
• there is a profound decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts lining the periosteum, endosteum, and trabeculae
• percent of bone surface labeled in vivo with tetracycline is 32.2% versus 49.0% in wild-type controls
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