reproductive system
• almost all of the spermatozoa found in the epididymis have misshapen heads
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• multinucleated spermatids are seen
• spermatids prematurely detach from the seminiferous epithelium
• the number of elongated spermatids is decreased compared to wild-type
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• heterozygous females have reduced litter sizes
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• no offspring are obtained despite normal mating behavior however in vitro fertilization with round spermatids produces offspring
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cellular
• almost all of the spermatozoa found in the epididymis have misshapen heads
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