Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• by 40 weeks of age, around 25% of mutants have died
• when transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is performed, around 10% mutants and controls die, but in contrast to controls, mutants exhibit mortality in the postsurgical period
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cardiovascular system
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• following 4 weeks of TAC, significant reduction in cardiomyocyte area is observed compared to control cells
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• following 4 weeks of TAC, hypertrophic response is 40-50% of that measured in controls after TAC
• swimming-induced cardiac hypertrophy is significantly less than in wild-type controls
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• following 4 weeks of TAC, ventricular wall thickness shows attenuated growth (hypertrophy) compared to controls
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• TAC performed at 8 weeks of age rapidly and progressively induces decompensation and dilation in mutants but not in controls when examined at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks following surgery
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• mutants show significant increases in left ventricular end-systolic and -diastolic volumes indicating ventricular dilation
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• significant reduction in fractional shortening is observed at 12 weeks, and progressively worsens to 24 weeks of age
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muscle
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• following 4 weeks of TAC, significant reduction in cardiomyocyte area is observed compared to control cells
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• significant reduction in fractional shortening is observed at 12 weeks, and progressively worsens to 24 weeks of age
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• baseline apoptosis in cardiomyocytes measured by TUNEL staining is significantly increased relative to controls at 12 and 20 weeks of age
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respiratory system
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• following TAC, mice show severe pulmonary edema whereas control animals do not develop edema
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• following TAC, mice show severe pulmonary edema whereas control animals do not develop edema
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cellular
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• baseline apoptosis in cardiomyocytes measured by TUNEL staining is significantly increased relative to controls at 12 and 20 weeks of age
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growth/size/body
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• following 4 weeks of TAC, hypertrophic response is 40-50% of that measured in controls after TAC
• swimming-induced cardiac hypertrophy is significantly less than in wild-type controls
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