mortality/aging
• about 25% die at birth or within 24 hours of birth
|
• another 15% die within by 2 weeks of age, however unlike homozygous Hoxa1 null mice 60% of mutants are viable
|
craniofacial
• the basioccipital bone is abnormally shaped and lacks distinct concave lateral borders in 13 out of 20 mutants
|
small malleus
(
J:93020
)
• the malleus is occasionally small or malformed (3 out of 40)
|
absent stapes
(
J:93020
)
• the stapes is occasionally absent (3 out of 40)
|
hearing/vestibular/ear
small malleus
(
J:93020
)
• the malleus is occasionally small or malformed (3 out of 40)
|
absent stapes
(
J:93020
)
• the stapes is occasionally absent (3 out of 40)
|
• the cochlea is significantly reduced (10 out of 40)
|
• the semicircular canals are dilated and have undergone only rudimentary morphogenesis (19 out of 40)
|
• the tympanic ring is displaced in 4 out of 40 mutant ears and abnormally shaped in 2 out of 40 mutant ears
|
skeleton
• the basioccipital bone is abnormally shaped and lacks distinct concave lateral borders in 13 out of 20 mutants
|
small malleus
(
J:93020
)
• the malleus is occasionally small or malformed (3 out of 40)
|
absent stapes
(
J:93020
)
• the stapes is occasionally absent (3 out of 40)
|
nervous system
• rhombomere 3 is enlarged
|
• rhombomeres 4, 5, and 6 are fused
|
• the facial-acoustic ganglion complex is disorganized and abnormally positioned
• ganglia IX and X are abnormal leading to fusion of the proximal parts of these two nerves
|
• the interganglionic portion of the nerve is often missing and the brainstem connection is lost when this nerve is fused to the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)
|
• the interganglionic portion of the nerve is often missing however 20% of the time this nerve is normal unlike in Hoxa1 null mice
|
• the proximal portions of cranial nerves IX and X are fused
|
embryo
• migrating neural crest cells forming cranial nerve IX are reduced or absent and those forming nerve X are absent
|
• rhombomere 3 is enlarged
|
• rhombomeres 4, 5, and 6 are fused
|
cellular
• migrating neural crest cells forming cranial nerve IX are reduced or absent and those forming nerve X are absent
|