mortality/aging
• mutant embryos die before E9.5
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cellular
• after 3 days in culture mitochondria in blastocyst cells have poorly developed cristae
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• after 3 days in culture mitochondria in blastocyst cells are round and distended
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embryo
• no gastrulation is seen at E7.5 and only a partial gastrulation that does not develop further can be seen at E8.5
• also at E8.5 no organogenesis can be seen
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• at E5.5 mutants are smaller and disorganized compared to wild-type embryos
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• at E3.5 the inner cellular is smaller and its outgrowth is retarded
• the boundary between the inner cellular mass and the trophoblast is indistinct
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• at E3.5 the trophoblast is smaller and no giant cells are detected
• the boundary between the inner cellular mass and the trophoblast is indistinct
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growth/size/body
• at E5.5 mutants are smaller and disorganized compared to wild-type embryos
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