mortality/aging
• embryos die between E4.5 and E5.5
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cellular
• increased apoptosis is seen in mutant blastocysts after overnight culture compared to wild-type
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embryo
• increased apoptosis is seen in mutant blastocysts after overnight culture compared to wild-type
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• inability to form the egg cylinder in outgrowth assay
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• in a blastocyst outgrowth assay the inner cellular mass is absent or degenerating and embryos fail to form the egg cylinder
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