mortality/aging
• death before E11.5
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cardiovascular system
• reversed heart looping showing variable penetrance
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embryo
• disruption of cilium formation in the ventral node at E7.5
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• absence of ventral node cell cilium in 4 of 12 mutant embryos
• lack of cilia in notochordal plate cells
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• stunted cilium-like structures are found in the posterior region of the node in 8 of 12 mutant embryos
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• 61% of mutants fail to initiate turning by E9.5
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• 21% mutants start but do not complete embryonic turning at E9.5
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• absence of ventral node cell cilium and stunted cilium-like structures in 4/12 and 8/12 mutants, respectively
• lack of cilia in notochordal plate cells
• flatter ventral node and notocordal plate cells than in wild-type
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• greatly reduced anterior definitive endoderm
• extensive apoptotic cell death in the anterior definitive endoderm
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• lack of cilia in notochordal plate cells
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• ectopic cell death in the cephalic mesenchyme
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• neural tube closure defects with variable penetrance
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• variable penetrance at E9.5
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homeostasis/metabolism
limbs/digits/tail
nervous system
• neural tube closure defects with variable penetrance
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• reduced levels of cell death in the hindbrain compared to wild-type during neural tube closure
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• anterior truncation of the forebrain
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cellular
• disruption of cilium formation in the ventral node at E7.5
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• absence of ventral node cell cilium in 4 of 12 mutant embryos
• lack of cilia in notochordal plate cells
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• stunted cilium-like structures are found in the posterior region of the node in 8 of 12 mutant embryos
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growth/size/body
• ectopic cell death in the cephalic mesenchyme
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