mortality/aging
• no post-implantation homozygotes are detected at E8.5-11.5, however, expected Mendelian numbers of homozygous blastocysts are recovered at E3.5 suggesting lethality around the time of implantation
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embryo
• after E3.5, null embryos show increased cellular apoptosis and loss of cell viability
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• most embryos fail to hatch from the zona pellucida
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• null embryos in culture cannot produce viable blastocyst outgrowths as cells of the inner cell mass are lacking
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cellular
• after E3.5, null embryos show increased cellular apoptosis and loss of cell viability
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