mortality/aging
• death within the first 24 hours after birth
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behavior/neurological
• inability to right themselves
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• occasional abnormal movement and posture
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nervous system
• absence of red nucleus
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• neurons lost between E16.5 and tearly in the first day after birth
• compact formation neurons absent
• absence of motor neurons for the esophagus and those controlling the peristaltic phase of swallowing
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• absence of multiple subunits of the inferior olive
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• loss of cellularity in the acoustic ganglia
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• loss of cellularity in dorsal division of the trigeminal ganglia
• trigeminal ganglia normal through E16.5
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• loss of cellularity in the cervical dorsal root ganglia
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