growth/size/body
• low body weight
|
reproductive system
|
• variable epididymal sperm concentration
|
|
• spermatogenesis predominantly normal but some aberrant spermatid head morphology
|
|
• low epididymal sperm motility and low IVF success
|
cellular
|
• variable epididymal sperm concentration
|
|
• spermatogenesis predominantly normal but some aberrant spermatid head morphology
|
|
• low epididymal sperm motility and low IVF success
|