endocrine/exocrine glands
• low seminal vesicle weight
|
• few elongated spermatids and abnormal round cells with condensed nuclei in many tubules
|
• low testis weight
|
reproductive system
• generally no epididymal sperm recovered
|
• among sperm recovered, there is high frequency of morphological head abnormalities and low IVF success
|
• low seminal vesicle weight
|
• few elongated spermatids and abnormal round cells with condensed nuclei in many tubules
|
• low testis weight
|
cellular
• generally no epididymal sperm recovered
|
• among sperm recovered, there is high frequency of morphological head abnormalities and low IVF success
|