endocrine/exocrine glands
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• abnormal cells in epididymal lumen
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reproductive system
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• low epididymal sperm concentration
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• epididymal sperm all have abnormal sperm head shape and poor IVF success; within testes abnormally shaped spermatid heads are abundant, few elongated spermatids in some tubules
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• low epididymal sperm motility and poor IVF success
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• abnormal cells in epididymal lumen
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cellular
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• low epididymal sperm concentration
|
|
• epididymal sperm all have abnormal sperm head shape and poor IVF success; within testes abnormally shaped spermatid heads are abundant, few elongated spermatids in some tubules
|
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• low epididymal sperm motility and poor IVF success
|