endocrine/exocrine glands
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• low testis weight with few elongated spermatids in some tubules
|
reproductive system
|
• no sperm tails
|
|
• low epididymal sperm concentration
|
|
• abnormally shaped sperm heads
|
|
• few elongated spermatids in some tubules
|
|
• no epididymal sperm motility and no IVF success
|
|
• low testis weight with few elongated spermatids in some tubules
|
|
• no IVF success
|
cellular
|
• no sperm tails
|
|
• low epididymal sperm concentration
|
|
• abnormally shaped sperm heads
|
|
• few elongated spermatids in some tubules
|
|
• no epididymal sperm motility and no IVF success
|