endocrine/exocrine glands
• low testis weight with few elongated spermatids in some tubules
|
reproductive system
• no sperm tails
|
• low epididymal sperm concentration
|
• abnormally shaped sperm heads
|
• few elongated spermatids in some tubules
|
• no epididymal sperm motility and no IVF success
|
• low testis weight with few elongated spermatids in some tubules
|
• no IVF success
|
cellular
• no sperm tails
|
• low epididymal sperm concentration
|
• abnormally shaped sperm heads
|
• few elongated spermatids in some tubules
|
• no epididymal sperm motility and no IVF success
|