neoplasm
• susceptible to spontaneous tumor formation
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• 1/6 developed a hepatoma
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• 1/6 developed a lipoma
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• gamma-irradiation induced lymphoma in 7 out of 13 mutants
• 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) treatment induced lymphoma in 11 out of 15 mutants
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• DNA damage induced with gamma-irradiation caused 80% of 1 year old mutants to develop tumors compared to 15% of wild-type mice, with most developing lymphomas, three developing mammary tumors and one developing colon and uterus tumors
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cellular
• gamma-irradiated MEFs had significantly more cells in mitotic phase
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• at 2 years of age, 4/6 mutants exhibited very dense branches in mammary glands with small hyperplastic foci
• 13 months after gamma-irradiation, mammary glands showed an increased branch morphogenesis with hyperplastic foci however, no focus formation was observed in mice younger than 300 days
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• some mutants exhibited ovaries with abnormal structures while others had blood aggregates that replaced lost ovaries
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growth/size/body
• after gamma-irradiation treatment, mutants weighed ~25% more than wild-type at 10 and 11 months of age, but not at 3 months of age
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reproductive system
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• some mutants exhibited ovaries with abnormal structures while others had blood aggregates that replaced lost ovaries
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• 7/8 mutants had enlarged uteri with polyps that were invaded by thick blood vessels at 2 years of age
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integument
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• at 2 years of age, 4/6 mutants exhibited very dense branches in mammary glands with small hyperplastic foci
• 13 months after gamma-irradiation, mammary glands showed an increased branch morphogenesis with hyperplastic foci however, no focus formation was observed in mice younger than 300 days
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• 20% of awl hairs had defects in pigmentation after gamma-irradiation resulting in gradually increasing gray hair so that after 6 months of treatment, mutants looked gray
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liver/biliary system
• 1/6 developed a hepatoma
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