mortality/aging
• born in expected numbers
• no obvious phenotype at birth and suckle normally
• die within 2-3 days of birth
• mortality is not rescued by ip administration of glucose
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growth/size/body
• fail to gain weight by day 1 after birth
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adipose tissue
• half the normal level of body fat 1 day after birth
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homeostasis/metabolism
• elevated levels of non-essential amino acids in plasma
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• ammonia levels increased 3 fold
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• 2 fold increase
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• blood glucose 60% of control levels 1 day after birth
• blood glucose down to 12.3 mg/dl by 3 days after birth
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• beta-hydroxybutyrate elevated 3 fold
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• lactate levels increased 2.5 fold
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• 50% increase in triglycerides in blood (36.3 mg/dl vs 23.7 for controls)
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• liver glycogen reduced by 10% one day before birth
• marked reduction of liver glycogen 2 days after birth
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liver/biliary system
• liver malate levels increased 10 fold
• liver lactate levels increased 2.5 fold
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• liver glycogen reduced by 10% one day before birth
• marked reduction of liver glycogen 2 days after birth
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• high levels of lipid in liver
• very high level of triglyceride (9.58 umoles/g vs 4.17 in controls)
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