behavior/neurological
• at 14 months, impaired acquisition of passive avoidance learning (shorter step through latencies at days 2 and 3 after training)
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• 14 month old mutants displayed impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory tasks in the hidden platform (spatial) version of the Morris water-maze and in probe tests
• at 14 months, very poor performance in reversal spatial learning, indicating that mutants are deficient in extinction of old spatial references
• displayed normal learning and memory in the visible platform (nonspatial) version of the water-maze and normal locomotor activity in an open-field test
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