Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• almost all heterozygous embryos die around E10.5 with only 2.4% appearing viable, however these can survive to adulthood
• Background Sensitivity: when outbred onto an ICR background survival increases
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cardiovascular system
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• the aorta is variably stenosed or atretic along its length
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• the internal carotid artery is absent
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• retinal capillaries are more resistant to oxygen-induced vaso-obliteration compared with wild-type capillaries
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• the major placental arteries appear to degenerate leaving only atretic remnants
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• a defined arterial plexus is missing resulting in the absence of many of the well defined arterial branches, including the internal carotid artery
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• in places the dorsal aortas lack lumens and appear to be comprised of only nonorganized endothelial cell clusters
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• remodeling of the primitive vascular plexus of the head is impaired resulting in absence of a defined arterial plexus however in most cases the venous plexus was relatively normal
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• in the most severely affected embryos the primitive venous plexus does not properly coalesce
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• in severely affected embryos the anterior and posterior cardinal veins are variably stenosed or atretic
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• the large conducting arteries and collecting veins within the yolk sac are absent
• the endothelium forms an almost continuous surface punctuated with occasional holes
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• smooth muscle coverage of many of the large arteries is missing or reduced
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embryo
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• the major placental arteries appear to degenerate leaving only atretic remnants
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• the large conducting arteries and collecting veins within the yolk sac are absent
• the endothelium forms an almost continuous surface punctuated with occasional holes
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• the posterior half of the embryo is frequently necrotic at E9.5-E10.5
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• the yolk sac has an orange peel like texture and an enlarged endothelial-lined lacunae forms between the endodermal and mesodermal layers resulting in decreased attachment of these layers
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muscle
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• smooth muscle coverage of many of the large arteries is missing or reduced
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vision/eye
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• retinal capillaries are more resistant to oxygen-induced vaso-obliteration compared with wild-type capillaries
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cellular
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• remodeling of the primitive vascular plexus of the head is impaired resulting in absence of a defined arterial plexus however in most cases the venous plexus was relatively normal
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