Analysis Tools
endocrine/exocrine glands
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• the bulbourethral gland is smaller than normal
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• the seminal vesicles are smaller than normal
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• preovulatory follicles and healthy antral are absent
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• primary and secondary follicles appear normal, whereas many antral follicles are abnormal and contain degenerating oocytes
• however, ovarian histology reveals a normal thecal layer, although expression of various thecal cell markers is significantly reduced
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small ovary
(
J:94719
)
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• the ovaries are smaller than normal
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ovary cyst
(
J:94719
)
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• occasional non-hemorrhagic cysts are found
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• no mature Leydig cells are found in the interstitium of mutant testes
• instead, three distinct types of Leydig cells are observed, classified as fetal-like, spindle shaped progenitors and small round immature Leydig cells
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• very few small-size Leydig cells are present and those seen are mostly fetal Leydig cells
(J:94719)
• presence of fetal Leydig cells is confirmed by increased serum levels of the androgen precursor, androstenedione
(J:122322)
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small testis
(
J:94719
)
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• the testes are smaller than normal
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growth/size/body
ovary cyst
(
J:94719
)
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• occasional non-hemorrhagic cysts are found
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• serum and testicular testosterone levels are decreased in males and androstenedione, a testosterone precursor, levels are increased
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• serum estradiol levels are decreased in females
• however, serum FSH levels remain unaffected
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• serum progesterone levels are decreased in females
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reproductive system
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• preovulatory follicles and healthy antral are absent
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• primary and secondary follicles appear normal, whereas many antral follicles are abnormal and contain degenerating oocytes
• however, ovarian histology reveals a normal thecal layer, although expression of various thecal cell markers is significantly reduced
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ovary cyst
(
J:94719
)
|
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• occasional non-hemorrhagic cysts are found
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small vulva
(
J:94719
)
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• the external female genitalia are smaller than normal
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(J:94719)
• mutant uteri are hypoplastic with a thin endometrial layer
(J:122322)
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• only degenerating oocytes are found; however, when superovulated mutant females release comparable numbers of ova to untreated wild-type mice
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(J:94719)
• no sperm are present in mutant testes
(J:122322)
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• no late stage or elongated spermatids are observed, consistent with an absence of histone H1-like linker protein (a late stage spermatid marker suppressed in mutant testes)
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• spermatogenesis arrests at the round spermatid stage
(J:94719)
• only type B spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids are identified in mutant testes, whereas late stage spermatids and sperm are clearly absent
(J:122322)
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• the bulbourethral gland is smaller than normal
|
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• the seminal vesicles are smaller than normal
|
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• no mature Leydig cells are found in the interstitium of mutant testes
• instead, three distinct types of Leydig cells are observed, classified as fetal-like, spindle shaped progenitors and small round immature Leydig cells
|
|
|
• very few small-size Leydig cells are present and those seen are mostly fetal Leydig cells
(J:94719)
• presence of fetal Leydig cells is confirmed by increased serum levels of the androgen precursor, androstenedione
(J:122322)
|
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• the external male genitalia are smaller than normal
|
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• mutants display postnatal defects in gonad growth and differentiation
(J:122322)
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small ovary
(
J:94719
)
|
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• the ovaries are smaller than normal
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small testis
(
J:94719
)
|
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• the testes are smaller than normal
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infertility
(
J:94719
)
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• both males and females are sterile
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cellular
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• only degenerating oocytes are found; however, when superovulated mutant females release comparable numbers of ova to untreated wild-type mice
|
|
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(J:94719)
• no sperm are present in mutant testes
(J:122322)
|
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• no late stage or elongated spermatids are observed, consistent with an absence of histone H1-like linker protein (a late stage spermatid marker suppressed in mutant testes)
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