mortality/aging
• only a few rare homozygotes survive to adulthood
|
pigmentation
• ectopic pigmentation in the heart, lung, and other tissues
|
• some mutants have hypopigmentation of the skin
|
cardiovascular system
• interruption of the aortic arch was seen in 13 of 19 homozygotes along with persistent truncus arteriosis, other arch abnormalities were also seen
|
• duplication of the left carotid artery is seen as a result of aortic arch abnormalities
|
• 13 out of 19 homozygotes had persistent truncus arteriosis and show an undivided arterial outflow
|
• 6 out of 19 homozygotes had double outlet right ventricle
|
• outflow regurgitation is seen
|