cardiovascular system
• conotruncal malformations including bulges or pouches consisting of sinusoidal trabeculations are seen at the base of the heart
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• the compact layer is thinner than normal in areas with sinusoidal trabeculations and in the right ventricle
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• large subepicardial coronary vessels are seen and these are particularly abundant in the peritruncal region of the heart; some of these give rise to large sinuses
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• coronary aneurysms are found in the walls and at the base of the pulmonary and aortic outflows
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• in some cases the coronary artery inserts below the level of the valves
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• a large peritruncal coronary vein was seen at the base of the outflows
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• semilunar valves are thickened
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• outflow regurgitation is seen
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muscle
• the compact layer is thinner than normal in areas with sinusoidal trabeculations and in the right ventricle
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