mortality/aging
• homozygous embryos die after E3.5 but before E9.5
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embryo
• homozygous embryos display increased apoptosis in the inner cell mass
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• homozygous embryos display decreased cell proliferation in the inner cell mass
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• homozygous embryos fail to expand the inner cell mass
• mutant embryonic cells have a smooth surface lacking microvilli and lack Cajal bodies seen in wild-type cells
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• homozygous embryos form a thin, irregular trophectoderm
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• homozygous embryos display decreased endoreduplication of the trophoblast giant cells
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cellular
• mutant embryonic cells lack Cajal bodies
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• homozygous embryos display increased apoptosis in the inner cell mass
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• homozygous embryos display decreased cell proliferation in the inner cell mass
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