mortality/aging
• embryos die around E13.5-E16.5
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cardiovascular system
• hypoplasia of the trabecular myocardium
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• the compact myocardium is hypoplastic however unlike Gata4tm1Sho homozygotes coronary vessels are normal
• an area of dysplastic myocardium expressing compact myocardial genes but with trabecular myocardial morphology is seen
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• a subaortic cone is present and the aortic valve is inferior, posterior, and to the right of the pulmonary valve
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• at E13.5 the right atrium is dilated
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• a common atrioventricular canal is present at E13.5
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• the interventricular septum has a spongiform appearance
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• cardiomyocyte proliferation is significantly reduced in the compact myocardium at E12.5
• however, cardiomyocyte proliferation in the trabecular myocardium is normal at at E12.5
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• hypoplastic atrioventricular valves result in atriventricular regurgitation
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homeostasis/metabolism
• at E13.5 embryos appear edematous
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muscle
• hypoplasia of the trabecular myocardium
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• the compact myocardium is hypoplastic however unlike Gata4tm1Sho homozygotes coronary vessels are normal
• an area of dysplastic myocardium expressing compact myocardial genes but with trabecular myocardial morphology is seen
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• cardiomyocyte proliferation is significantly reduced in the compact myocardium at E12.5
• however, cardiomyocyte proliferation in the trabecular myocardium is normal at at E12.5
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cellular
• cardiomyocyte proliferation is significantly reduced in the compact myocardium at E12.5
• however, cardiomyocyte proliferation in the trabecular myocardium is normal at at E12.5
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