renal/urinary system
• at 2-3 months of age, urine chloride, phosphorus, and calcium phosphate content are higher than in wild-type mice; however, mice exhibit normal urine creatinine, calcium, magnesium, and citrate levels
(J:127526)
• at 5-8 months of age, the concentrations of Cl, K, Ca, Mg, P, uric acid, creatinine, and ammonium are nearly doubled relative to wild-type controls
(J:163552)
• at 5-8 months of age, mice exhibit urinary supersaturation of calcium phosphate (brushite), uric acid and sodium urate, but not calcium oxalate
(J:163552)
|
• urine chloride ion levels are higher than in wild-type mice
(J:127526)
|
• at 5-8 months of age, the concentrations of organic anions such as citrate and oxalate are slightly lower than in wild-type controls
|
• at 5-8 months of age, the concentrations of citrate are slightly lower than in wild-type controls
|
• at 5-8 months of age, urine pH is significantly lower than that in wild-type controls
|
• urine phosphorus and calcium phosphate levels are higher than in wild-type mice
(J:127526)
|
crystalluria
(
J:127526
)
• under hyperoxaluria conditions, 71% of mice exhibit moderate amounts of calcium crystalluria and renal calcium crystal formation unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
• after 1 month of hyperoxaluria, 15% of mice develop large crystalline deposits at the tip of the renal papillae that can block the proximal portions of the collecting ducts unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
• following hyperoxaluria, mice develop stones unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
|
• occasionally, large plugging crystals are detected within the ducts of Bellini
|
• in some mice after 1 month of hyperoxaluria
(J:127526)
• when occasional large crystals are found within the ducts of Bellini, adjacent collecting tubules are markedly dilated
(J:163552)
|
• male mice develop progressive renal papillary calcification, unlike wild-type controls
|
• at 5-8 months of age, 3 of 20 male mice exhibit hydronephrosis
• by 15 months of age, 5 of 16 male mice exhibit hydronephrosis with increased severity
• both unilateral and bilateral hydronephrosis are observed
|
• 14% of mice exhibit calcifications in the renal papilla unlike wild-type mice
(J:127526)
• renal epithelial cells exhibit a 2-fold increase in crystal adhesion to epithelial cells compared with wild-type cells
(J:127526)
• 71% of mice exposed to hyperoxaluria develop renal calcinosis unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
(J:127526)
• by 5-8 months of age, ~50% of male mice analyzed develop spontaneous renal papillary calcinosis, not observed in wild-type controls; the frequency of crystal deposition in the renal papilla increases to 87.5% by 15 months of age
(J:163552)
• at 5-8 months , both intratubular (26.1%) and interstitial calcium crystals (73.9%) are present, while interstitial crystals are even more common (93.2%) by 15 months of age
(J:163552)
• papillary interstitial crystals are located primarily beneath the tubular cells of the collecting ducts, and consist of calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) and a small amount of calcium carbonate
(J:163552)
• the extent of crystal formation varies from tubule to tubule, from small crystals spanning the length of 2-3 tubular cells to large crystals spanning up to 10-15 cells
(J:163552)
• no macrophage infiltration is observed in the vicinity of interstitial crystals
(J:163552)
• no crystals are detected in the cortex and outer medulla
(J:163552)
|
• following hyperoxaluria, mice exhibit greater renal damage and fibrosis than similarly treated wild-type mice
|
urolithiasis
(
J:163552
)
• most hydronephrotic mice exhibit stone-like structures in the ureter and renal pelvis
|
• at 5-8 months of age, mice exhibit a significantly lower 24-hr urinary volume than wild-type controls
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• at 2-3 months of age, urine chloride, phosphorus, and calcium phosphate content are higher than in wild-type mice; however, mice exhibit normal urine creatinine, calcium, magnesium, and citrate levels
(J:127526)
• at 5-8 months of age, the concentrations of Cl, K, Ca, Mg, P, uric acid, creatinine, and ammonium are nearly doubled relative to wild-type controls
(J:163552)
• at 5-8 months of age, mice exhibit urinary supersaturation of calcium phosphate (brushite), uric acid and sodium urate, but not calcium oxalate
(J:163552)
|
• urine chloride ion levels are higher than in wild-type mice
(J:127526)
|
• at 5-8 months of age, the concentrations of organic anions such as citrate and oxalate are slightly lower than in wild-type controls
|
• at 5-8 months of age, the concentrations of citrate are slightly lower than in wild-type controls
|
• at 5-8 months of age, urine pH is significantly lower than that in wild-type controls
|
• urine phosphorus and calcium phosphate levels are higher than in wild-type mice
(J:127526)
|
crystalluria
(
J:127526
)
• under hyperoxaluria conditions, 71% of mice exhibit moderate amounts of calcium crystalluria and renal calcium crystal formation unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
• after 1 month of hyperoxaluria, 15% of mice develop large crystalline deposits at the tip of the renal papillae that can block the proximal portions of the collecting ducts unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
• following hyperoxaluria, mice develop stones unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
|