mortality/aging
• died within 4 days after Listeria monocytogenes infection whereas controls survived
|
immune system
• serum TNF levels were dramatically reduced in mutants injected with LPS, with TNF production decreased by 100-fold in macrophages
|
• induction of MCP-1 was reduced in spleens of mutants infected with Listeria monocytogenes
|
• increased resistance to liver injury after ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis
|
• fully resistant to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-Gal induced septic shock
• protected from toxic shock induced by enterotoxin B, a superantigen from S. aureus
|
• loss of resistance against Listeria monocytogenes, developing uncontrolled infection, leading to death within 4 days and a 3-4 log increase in bacterial load in the liver and spleen
|
liver/biliary system
• mutants infected with Listeria monocytogenes developed large, confluent inflammatory necrotic areas with many Mac-1 and Gr1-positive cells
• no liver necrosis, only infiltrating cells, were detected in mutants with ConA induced autoimmune hepatitis
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• serum TNF levels were dramatically reduced in mutants injected with LPS, with TNF production decreased by 100-fold in macrophages
|