cardiovascular system
• mice show 10% shorter ventricular effective refractory period
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• one male showed a spontaneously occurring episode of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia VT; this episode could not be terminated by burst pacing, but eventually converted into an atrial arrhythmia with a 2:1 and 3:1 atrioventricular conduction
• mice show increased susceptibility to polymorphic VT induction with a defined pacing protocol followed by 3 extra stimuli
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• intracardiac ECG shows ventricular premature beats which are followed by postextrasystolic compensatory pauses
• however, mice exhibit normal heart weight, no evidence of cardiac hypertrophy or overt structural defects, and normal noninvasive body surface ECG in anesthetized males at 5 and 8 months of age
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• mean ventricular myocyte voltage-gated potassium current density is increased in the apex and in the subpopulation of septal myocytes that lack fast transient outward current (I[to,f])
• the current increases arise from an apex-specific increase in slow transient outward current-1 (I[Kslow,1], conducted by Kv1.5) and (I[to,f], conducted by Kv4) and an increase in slow transient outward current-2 (I[Kslow,2], conducted by Kv2.1) in both apex and septum
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