nervous system
• at 6 weeks of age, the number of BrdU-positive cells in the inner border region of the adult DG granule cell layer is significantly reduced relative to wild-type controls
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• at 6 weeks of age, the number of BrdU-positive cells as well as the number of cells doubly positive for BrdU and doublecortin (a marker of newly generated neurons) in the inner border region of the DG granule cell layer is significantly reduced relative to wild-type controls, indicating reduced neurogenesis in the adult DG
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• at 6 weeks of age, mice exhibit suppression of neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus
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• at 4 weeks of age, LTP at medial perforant pathway synapses on DG granule cells (MPP-DG synapses) induced by 4 trains of high-frequency stimulation (HFS, 100 Hz) is significantly enhanced; however, the NMDA/AMPA ratio at MPP-DG synapses is normal
• LTP induced by HFS at Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal (SC-CA1) synapses is normal
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• at P15-P17, granule cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region show an increase in the amplitude, but not frequency, of mEPSCs relative to wild-type neurons
• the input-output curve at medial perforant pathway synapses on DG granule cells (MPP-DG synapses) is normal
• paired-pulse ratio plots against inter-stimulus intervals are normal, suggesting normal presynaptic release probability
• both the frequency and amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) are normal in DG granule cells
• neither mEPSCs nor mIPSCs are altered in CA1 pyramidal neurons
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behavior/neurological
N |
• mice exhibit normal levels of anxiety-like behavior, self-grooming, PTZ-induced seizure propensity, social interaction, and rotarod motor coordination relative to wild-type controls
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• in the contextual fear-conditioning test, mice exhibit reduced freezing in the same shock chamber 24 hrs after conditioning relative to wild-type controls
• however, contextual fear extinction, cued fear conditioning, spatial learning and memory, object recognition memory, spatial working memory, and spatial pattern separation are normal
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• mice show hyperactivity in a familiar environment, as measured by 48-hr continuous monitoring of mouse movements averaged in a 24-hr cycle
• however, locomotor activity in the open field test (i.e. novel environment) is normal
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cellular
• at 6 weeks of age, the number of BrdU-positive cells in the inner border region of the adult DG granule cell layer is significantly reduced relative to wild-type controls
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