mortality/aging
• homozygous mice die between 6-8 weeks after birth from the heart malfunction with a gender difference (males more severely affected then females)
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cardiovascular system
• thinner posterior wall of the left ventricle
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• seen 6-7 weeks after birth
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• cardiomyocytes have fuzzy z-lines and shortened sarcomeres that appear locked in the contracted state
• severe excitation-contraction coupling defect causing a hypercontraction phenotype at the single cell level
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muscle
• seen 6-7 weeks after birth
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• cardiomyocytes have fuzzy z-lines and shortened sarcomeres that appear locked in the contracted state
• severe excitation-contraction coupling defect causing a hypercontraction phenotype at the single cell level
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growth/size/body