reproductive system
• sperm are morphologically normal but display little or no forward movement
• incubation with ammonium chloride (to increase pH) or cAMP analogs can improve motility
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• males but not females are infertile
• incubation of sperm with ammonium chloride (to increase pH) or cAMP analogs can partially restore fertility in vitro
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cellular
• sperm are morphologically normal but display little or no forward movement
• incubation with ammonium chloride (to increase pH) or cAMP analogs can improve motility
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