cardiovascular system
• hindlimb vasculature density and fractal dimension are decreased
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• endothelial cells have decreased branching formation in vitro
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• mice have decreased heart weight (0.07+/-0.001g) compared to wild-type (0.11+/-0.001g)
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• mice have decreased ejection fraction, left ventricle fractional shortening, preload-adjusted maximal power, left ventricle stiffness, cardiac arterial volume density, cardiac arterial surface density, and cardiac fractal dimension
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• cardiac output is increased (6397+/-182ul/min) compared to wild-type (9143+/-309ul/min)
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• stroke volume in mice is reduced (16.40+/-0.29ul) compared to wild-type (23+/-1.46ul)
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• mice have decreased ejection fraction and left ventricle fractional shortening
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cellular
• arterial, but not venous cells, have reduced proliferation rates in vitro in response to FGF2, PDGF-BB and VEGF-A165
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• arterial, but not venous cells, have increased proliferation rates in vitro in response to EGF
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growth/size/body
• mice weight less (16.7+/-1.3g) compared to wild-type mice (19.9+/-0.5g)
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homeostasis/metabolism
• in a wounding migration assay, arterial, but not venous cells, have reduced velocities in response to 20% serum, FGF2 and VEGF
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muscle
• mice have decreased ejection fraction and left ventricle fractional shortening
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