Analysis Tools
homeostasis/metabolism
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• mice show a higher rate of carbon dioxide production than control littermates
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• mice show a higher rate of oxygen consumption than control littermates
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• mice show a slight increase in the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), that is most evident during the peak of voluntary movement
• however, heat production levels and ambulatory activity are normal
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• in a treadmill exhaustion test, mice perform 20% more work than control mice; the time to exhaustion and the running distance covered is significantly longer than that in control mice
• in an accelerating Rota-rod system, the latency to fall is significantly increased relative to that in control mice
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• in a treadmill exhaustion test, the running distance covered is significantly longer than that in control mice
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muscle
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• soleus muscle shows a ~17% enrichment of oxidative type I fibers, while type IIA fibers are decreased by ~16% relative to those in control mice; similar effects on the proportion of type I fibers are observed in the peroneus and EDL muscles
• however, mean cross sectional area of soleus muscle fibers is normal
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• in the Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC)-induced muscle wasting model, mice show a significant protection from LLC-induced weight loss with significantly lower atrophy in several hindlimb muscles, including gastrocnemius, TA, soleus and peroneus, and increased cross sectional area of muscle fibers relative to LLC-control mice
• however, no differences in tumor growth, tumor burden or levels of systemic inflammatory response are observed
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• in situ analysis of muscle contractility revealed that tibialis anterior (TA) muscles generate a higher contraction force than those of control mice
• however, no differences are observed in the fatigability test
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cellular
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• several key components of the electron transport chain complexes including CIII and CIV, as well as the ATP synthase CV, are upregulated in muscles
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