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Phenotypes associated with this allele
Allele Symbol
Allele Name
Allele ID 		Gsk3btm1Dral
targeted mutation 1, Dario R Alessi
MGI:3578226
Summary 9 genotypes
Jump to Allelic Composition Genetic Background Genotype ID
hm1
 		Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral involves: 129P2/OlaHsd MGI:5471804
hm2
 		Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * CBA MGI:3578281
cx3
 		Gsk3atm1Dral/Gsk3atm1Dral
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral 		involves: 129P2/OlaHsd MGI:5508810
cx4
 		Gsk3atm1Dral/Gsk3atm1Dral
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral 		involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * CBA MGI:3578282
cx5
 		Gsk3atm1Dral/Gsk3atm1Dral
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral
Gys1tm1.1Arte/Gys1tm1.1Arte 		involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J MGI:4882130
cx6
 		Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi/Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral 		involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J * C57BL/6N MGI:6501734
cx7
 		Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi/Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3b+ 		involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J * C57BL/6N MGI:6501735
cx8
 		Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi/Dsg2+
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3b+ 		involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J * C57BL/6N MGI:6501755
cx9
 		Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi/Dsg2+
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral 		involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J * C57BL/6N MGI:6501756


Genotype
MGI:5471804
hm1
Allelic
Composition		 Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral
Genetic
Background		 involves: 129P2/OlaHsd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gsk3btm1Dral mutation (1 available); any Gsk3b mutation (113 available)
♀ phenotype observed in females
♂ phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
cardiovascular system
prolonged PR interval ( J:235770 )
• prolongation of the PR interval
• however, mice exhibit normal QRS duration and S amplitude
decreased myocardial infarct size ( J:186597 )
• following 2 hours of ischemia without reperfusion
increased myocardial infarct size ( J:186597 )
• following ischemia and reperfusion
• however, treatment with SB216763 (a GSK3b inhibitor) decreased infarct size to smaller than in wild-type mice

homeostasis/metabolism
decreased myocardial infarct size ( J:186597 )
• following 2 hours of ischemia without reperfusion
increased myocardial infarct size ( J:186597 )
• following ischemia and reperfusion
• however, treatment with SB216763 (a GSK3b inhibitor) decreased infarct size to smaller than in wild-type mice




Genotype
MGI:3578281
hm2
Allelic
Composition		 Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral
Genetic
Background		 involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * CBA
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gsk3btm1Dral mutation (1 available); any Gsk3b mutation (113 available)
♀ phenotype observed in females
♂ phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
homeostasis/metabolism
homeostasis/metabolism phenotype ( J:98263 )
N
• glucose and insulin levels were normal and mice were not glucose intolerant
• insulin no longer leads to inactivation of GSK3
abnormal glycogen homeostasis ( J:98263 )
• insulin unable to stimulate glycogen sythase activity in muscle




Genotype
MGI:5508810
cx3
Allelic
Composition		 Gsk3atm1Dral/Gsk3atm1Dral
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral
Genetic
Background		 involves: 129P2/OlaHsd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gsk3atm1Dral mutation (1 available); any Gsk3a mutation (18 available)
Gsk3btm1Dral mutation (1 available); any Gsk3b mutation (113 available)
♀ phenotype observed in females
♂ phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
behavior/neurological
abnormal behavioral response to xenobiotic ( J:200517 )
• mice show increased susceptibility to amphetamine-induced hyperactivity
• after habituation to a novel open field environment, administration of amphetamine causes over 2.5-fold greater hyperactivity in mutants than in wild-type mice over a 30 minute period
• amphetamine shows a lower threshold for hyperactivity in mutants than in wild-type mice
• mutants show a 19 and 59% increase in hyperactivity after 2 and 3 weekly treatments with amphetamine compared to wild-type mice that do not show sensitization to this low-dose repeated administration
enhanced contextual conditioning behavior ( J:200517 )
• while both wild-type and mutant mice show failure to escape foot shocks after conditioning with random, mild inescapable foot shocks, when the level of aversive stimuli is reduced to a level that does not cause failure to escape in wild-type mice, 91% of mutants fail to escape foot shocks, indicating increased susceptibility to stress-induced depressive-like behavior
• mutants exhibit a longer escape latency compared to wild-type mice and this behavior persists throughout 30 trials unlike in wild-type mice that show longer escape latency only in the first five trials
• in a fear conditioning paradigm, freezing time is 28% higher than in wild-type upon exposure to the contextual test 24 hours later
impaired cued conditioning behavior ( J:200517 )
• upon exposure to a novel context (pretone cue test), mutants initially show 59% less freezing than wild-type mice
• however, when exposed to a tone paired with the new context, mutants exhibit normal freezing times, indicating intact amygdalar function
increased exploration in new environment ( J:200517 )
• mutants exhibit heightened response to novel environment, showing an initial increase in hyperactivity compared to wild-type mice when placed in an open field
decreased coping response ( J:200517 )
• in the forced swim test and tail suspension test, mutants spend 29% and 27% more time, respectively, immobile than wild-type mice, indicating increased susceptibility to stress-induced depressive-like behaviors
increased anxiety-related response ( J:200517 )
• mutants show mild-anxious behavior in the elevated plus maze, spending 44% less time in the open arms of the maze and longer time in the closed arms of the maze than wild-type mice
• without previous conditioning by inescapable foot shocks, 32% of mutants fail to escape foot shocks compared to none in wild-type mice
• administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 24 hours after aversive stress (foot shocks) results in an additional increase in immobility time
increased thigmotaxis ( J:200517 )
• mutants show only slight thigmotaxis in the open field during the first 5 minutes of testing but not overall throughout 15 minutes, indicating that a new environment may trigger anxiety
hyperactivity ( J:200517 )
• mice exhibit hyperactivity in novel, but not familiar, environment; when mutants are placed in an open field, they initially show modest hyperactivity but are able to habituate to normal levels with repeat testing in the same open field
• chronic lithium administration partially reduces amphetamine-induced hyperactivity to the level equivalent to wild-type mice receiving amphetamine treatment

homeostasis/metabolism
increased circulating corticosterone level ( J:200517 )
• while baseline levels of corticosterone are similar to wild-type mice, immediately following an inescapable foot shock session, mutants exhibit increased serum corticosterone levels compared to wild-type
• lithium pretreatment results in serum corticosterone levels similar to wild-type mice following an inescapable foot shock session
• following escapable foot shock session, serum corticosterone levels are also increased but not as much as after inescapable foot shock
increased circulating interleukin-6 level ( J:200517 )
• administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 24 hours after aversive stress (foot shocks) results in an increase in IL-6 serum levels compared to wild-type

nervous system
abnormal long-term depression ( J:200517 )
• NMDA receptor-dependent LTD induced by low frequency stimulation is converted to a slow onset LTP-like response in the hippocampus
• however, baseline synaptic transmission and paired pulse ratio are normal

immune system
increased circulating interleukin-6 level ( J:200517 )
• administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 24 hours after aversive stress (foot shocks) results in an increase in IL-6 serum levels compared to wild-type




Genotype
MGI:3578282
cx4
Allelic
Composition		 Gsk3atm1Dral/Gsk3atm1Dral
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral
Genetic
Background		 involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * CBA
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gsk3atm1Dral mutation (1 available); any Gsk3a mutation (18 available)
Gsk3btm1Dral mutation (1 available); any Gsk3b mutation (113 available)
♀ phenotype observed in females
♂ phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
homeostasis/metabolism
homeostasis/metabolism phenotype ( J:98263 )
N
• glucose and insulin levels were normal and mice were not glucose intolerant
increased liver glycogen level ( J:98263 )
• liver glycogen levels were 2-3 times higher in fasted double homozygous mice than in fasted controls

liver/biliary system
increased liver glycogen level ( J:98263 )
• liver glycogen levels were 2-3 times higher in fasted double homozygous mice than in fasted controls




Genotype
MGI:4882130
cx5
Allelic
Composition		 Gsk3atm1Dral/Gsk3atm1Dral
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral
Gys1tm1.1Arte/Gys1tm1.1Arte
Genetic
Background		 involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gsk3atm1Dral mutation (1 available); any Gsk3a mutation (18 available)
Gsk3btm1Dral mutation (1 available); any Gsk3b mutation (113 available)
Gys1tm1.1Arte mutation (0 available); any Gys1 mutation (57 available)
♀ phenotype observed in females
♂ phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
homeostasis/metabolism
abnormal glycogen homeostasis ( J:167911 )
• insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis is decreased compared to in wild-type mice and Gys1tm1.1Arte homozygotes
• however, insulin treatment still results in an increase in glycogen synthesis




Genotype
MGI:6501734
cx6
Allelic
Composition		 Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi/Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral
Genetic
Background		 involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J * C57BL/6N
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi mutation (0 available); any Dsg2 mutation (80 available)
Gsk3btm1Dral mutation (1 available); any Gsk3b mutation (113 available)
♀ phenotype observed in females
♂ phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
cardiovascular system
cardiac fibrosis ( J:235770 )
• hearts show extensive biventricular fibrosis
decreased cardiac muscle contractility ( J:235770 )
• echocardiography shows reduced cardiac function by 8-16 weeks of age, with reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening
abnormal S wave ( J:235770 )
• reduced S-wave amplitude

muscle
decreased cardiac muscle contractility ( J:235770 )
• echocardiography shows reduced cardiac function by 8-16 weeks of age, with reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening




Genotype
MGI:6501735
cx7
Allelic
Composition		 Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi/Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3b+
Genetic
Background		 involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J * C57BL/6N
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi mutation (0 available); any Dsg2 mutation (80 available)
Gsk3btm1Dral mutation (1 available); any Gsk3b mutation (113 available)
♀ phenotype observed in females
♂ phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
cardiovascular system
cardiac fibrosis ( J:235770 )
• hearts show extensive biventricular fibrosis
decreased cardiac muscle contractility ( J:235770 )
• echocardiography shows reduced cardiac function by 8-16 weeks of age, with reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening
abnormal S wave ( J:235770 )
• reduced S-wave amplitude

muscle
decreased cardiac muscle contractility ( J:235770 )
• echocardiography shows reduced cardiac function by 8-16 weeks of age, with reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening




Genotype
MGI:6501755
cx8
Allelic
Composition		 Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi/Dsg2+
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3b+
Genetic
Background		 involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J * C57BL/6N
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi mutation (0 available); any Dsg2 mutation (80 available)
Gsk3btm1Dral mutation (1 available); any Gsk3b mutation (113 available)
♀ phenotype observed in females
♂ phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
cardiovascular system
abnormal heart electrocardiography waveform feature ( J:235770 )
• mice exhibit nearly normal cardiac function at 16 weeks of age, although subtle ECG abnormalities are seen




Genotype
MGI:6501756
cx9
Allelic
Composition		 Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi/Dsg2+
Gsk3btm1Dral/Gsk3btm1Dral
Genetic
Background		 involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J * C57BL/6N
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Dsg2tm1d(EUCOMM)Wtsi mutation (0 available); any Dsg2 mutation (80 available)
Gsk3btm1Dral mutation (1 available); any Gsk3b mutation (113 available)
♀ phenotype observed in females
♂ phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
cardiovascular system




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Send questions and comments to User Support. 		last database update
11/19/2024
MGI 6.24 		The Jackson Laboratory