reproductive system
• reduced sperm count and more than 80% of sperm in the cauda epididymides have TUNEL positive nuclei
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• the spermatid head is irregularly shaped with a bent or blunted apex and malformations are seen in more than 80% of spermatozoa
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• defective DNA condensation within the sperm nucleus during spermiogenesis
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• the majority of sperm cells are slow moving or static
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• mutant spermatids fail to polarize properly, leading to incomplete elongation and retention of cytoplasm or residual bodies as well as delayed DNA condensation
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• male but not female fertility is reduced
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cellular
• reduced sperm count and more than 80% of sperm in the cauda epididymides have TUNEL positive nuclei
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• the spermatid head is irregularly shaped with a bent or blunted apex and malformations are seen in more than 80% of spermatozoa
|
• defective DNA condensation within the sperm nucleus during spermiogenesis
|
• the majority of sperm cells are slow moving or static
|