mortality/aging
• homozygotes die around E10.5
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cardiovascular system
• vessels development is impaired
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• heart development arrests at the linear tube stage (E8.5)
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• at E9.5 the heart tube fails to elongate and has two constrictions separating the putative ventricle from the inflow and outflow tract regions
• endocardial cushion accumulates at the anterior constriction disrupting the continuity of the endocardial lining
• dorsoventral patterning and chamber differentiation are absent in mutant hearts
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• blood circulation is absent
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• cardiomyocyte proliferation is significantly reduced at E8.5-E8.75; however proliferation in the extracardiac regions is normal at this time
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embryo
• cellular proliferation in all tissues is arrested at E9.5
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• severe growth retardation seen at E9.5
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homeostasis/metabolism
muscle
• cardiomyocyte proliferation is significantly reduced at E8.5-E8.75; however proliferation in the extracardiac regions is normal at this time
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growth/size/body
• severe growth retardation seen at E9.5
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cellular
• cardiomyocyte proliferation is significantly reduced at E8.5-E8.75; however proliferation in the extracardiac regions is normal at this time
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