mortality/aging
• fewer than expected homozygous embryos are recovered at E8.5 (17% compared to 25% expected)
• Background Sensitivity: after 3 backcrosses to C57BL/6 the expected number of homozygotes was seen
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behavior/neurological
• during withdrawal from morphine the sniffing reflex is almost completely absent; however, the antinociceptive effect of morphine is similar to wild-type
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• during withdrawal from morphine the sniffing reflex is almost completely absent; however, the antinociceptive effect of morphine is similar to wild-type
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• poor performance in the rotating rod test but normal performance in the grip and string tests
• homozygotes had a normal startle response, associative learning ability, and working memory and did not show any depression or anxiety related symptoms
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• the level at which homozygotes first detect a shock is normal; however, a greater shock intensity is needed to induce jumping
• pain sensitivity in the tail flick test was normal
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growth/size/body
nervous system
N |
• no defects were detected in the development or morphology of the facial and trigeminal nuclei, the locus coeruleus, the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, or cranial ganglia VII, IX, and X or in the gross morphology of the brain
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