reproductive system
• decrease in sperm motility rates
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• reduced DNA compaction in the heads of spermatozoa
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• more than 50% reduction in sperm numbers and decreased percentage of motile sperm
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• exhibited abnormal head morphology such as failure to develop hook-shaped heads, irregular-shaped and degenerate heads, and improper attachment of the midpiece
• expanded perinuclear and subacrosomal space and accumulation of electron-dense matter between the membranes of the head and nucleus in elongating spermatids and maturing sperm
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• males were sterile although they were sexually active and produced vaginal plugs
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cellular
• more than 50% reduction in sperm numbers and decreased percentage of motile sperm
|
• exhibited abnormal head morphology such as failure to develop hook-shaped heads, irregular-shaped and degenerate heads, and improper attachment of the midpiece
• expanded perinuclear and subacrosomal space and accumulation of electron-dense matter between the membranes of the head and nucleus in elongating spermatids and maturing sperm
|
• decrease in sperm motility rates
|