mortality/aging
• a low rate of embryonic lethality between E9.5 and E18.5
• of those homozygous pups surviving passed E18.5, died during delivery or within minutes after birth
|
• a low rate of embryonic lethality between E9.5 and E18.5
|
growth/size/body
• various head and craniofacial malformations such as abnormal head shape
|
• from E13.5 onwards, all homozygous embryos were growth-retarded
• displayed multiple developmental dysmorphology
|
nervous system
exencephaly
(
J:98905
)
• externally visible head abnormality with occasional ectopic tissue outside the skull
• extensive hyperplasia of brain tissue with herniation of brain tissue through the skull-cap or through the ventral skull
• in the most severe cases, expansion of brain tissue resulted in perturbations of cortical structures
|
craniofacial
• various head and craniofacial malformations such as abnormal head shape
|
vision/eye
anophthalmia
(
J:98905
)
• eye development was severely affected in 14.1% of homozygous embryos
• a complete unilateral or bilateral absence of the eyes with complex malformations of the optical cup, including absence of the lens and ectopic retinal-pigmented epithelium in nasal cavities
• in normal or mildly affected embryos at E16.5, retinal layers were much thinner
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• subcutaneous edema in embryos between E12.5 and E15.5
(J:98905)
• skin edema in neonate
(J:98905)
|
respiratory system
• significant delay in organ and tissue differentiation in lung at E16.5 however, almost normally developed lungs at birth
|
renal/urinary system
• significant delay in organ and tissue differentiation in kidney at E16.5
|
digestive/alimentary system
• significant delay in organ and tissue differentiation in intestine at E16.5
|
cellular
N |
• a comprehensive investigation of apoptoic cell clearance in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that engulfment of apoptotic cells was normal
|
cardiovascular system
• at E15, determined by MRI
|
• embryos at 16.5 dpc show increased myocardial trabeculation
|
• embryos at 16.5 dpc show a thinning of the myocardial wall (compact zone)
|
• at E15, determined by MRI
|
• at E15, determined by MRI
|
immune system
small thymus
(
J:102098
)
• volume of thymus significantly reduced, 58% of control values
• determined by MRI
• seen at E15
|
• determined by MRI
• seen at E15
|
• mutant macrophage were impaired in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling after stimulation with apoptotic cells or with lipopolysaccharide
|
hematopoietic system
small thymus
(
J:102098
)
• volume of thymus significantly reduced, 58% of control values
• determined by MRI
• seen at E15
|
• determined by MRI
• seen at E15
|
• severely blocked erythropoietic differentiation at an early erythroblast stage in the liver
|
• mutant macrophage were impaired in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling after stimulation with apoptotic cells or with lipopolysaccharide
|
muscle
• embryos at 16.5 dpc show increased myocardial trabeculation
|
• embryos at 16.5 dpc show a thinning of the myocardial wall (compact zone)
|
integument
• subcutaneous edema in embryos between E12.5 and E15.5
(J:98905)
• skin edema in neonate
(J:98905)
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
small thymus
(
J:102098
)
• volume of thymus significantly reduced, 58% of control values
• determined by MRI
• seen at E15
|
• determined by MRI
• seen at E15
|