mortality/aging
• 98.5% died within the first 3 days of life
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homeostasis/metabolism
respiratory system
behavior/neurological
• little or no milk in neonatal stomachs
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• failed response to clamp stimulation of tails
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nervous system
• reduced axon growth of olfactory sensory neurons
• cortical efferent projections fail to enter the internal capsule
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• retinal ganglion cell axons project to the optic nerve head properly, but a small portion make aberrant projections and fail to exit the retina
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• fibers of the corpus callosum do not cross the midline
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• abnormal arbors of granule cells of the dentate gyrus
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• fimbria is reduced in size
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• reduced complexity of both apical and basal dendritic trees of CA1 pyramidal cells
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• 30% thinner and about 15% fewer cells than in wild-type
• cortical afferent fibers are hyperfasciculated
• abnormal arbors of cortical neurons
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• severely hypoplastic olfactory bulbs
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• retinal ganglion cell axons project to the optic nerve head properly, but a small portion make aberrant projections and fail to exit the retina
• retinal ganglion cells showed projection errors at the chiasm, with an increase in ipsilaterally projecting fibers
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• olfactory sensory neurons do not innervate the olfactory bulb
• olfactory sensory neuron axon projections towards the forebrain are poor and olfactory sensory neurons form fewer neurites at E11.5
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• medial tracts are misrouted just before entering the cortical fiber layer
• abnormal arbors of the major fiber tracts
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• anterior commissure is missing or severely disrupted
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• although the overall architecture of the olfactory cavity is normal, the olfactory nerve ends in a tangle of axons
• olfactory nerve fails to contact the E12.5 forebrain and later at E17.5 remains on the inner surface of the cribriform plate
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cellular
• reduced axon growth of olfactory sensory neurons
• cortical efferent projections fail to enter the internal capsule
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• retinal ganglion cell axons project to the optic nerve head properly, but a small portion make aberrant projections and fail to exit the retina
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