mortality/aging
• some dead and degenerating embryos are seen at E10.5, by E11.5 all embryos are dead
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embryo
• massive apoptosis in E10.5 embryos
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• growth retardation was occasionally observed at E9.5, and was evident at E10, with E10 embryos resembling wildtype embryos at E9.5
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• branching of fetal vessels in the placenta was insufficient compared to controls at E8.5 and fetal vessels failed to elongate and bifurcate into the labyrinth layer and instead collapsed and some showed degenerative change and thrombus formation at E11.5
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• chorionic trophoblasts were packed and did not show migration and differentiation to form the labyrinth layer
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• chorionic plate was thin at E8.5
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• differentiated labyrinthine trophoblasts were absent at E10.5 and an organized labyrinth layer failed to form at E11.5, however the spongiotrophoblast and giant cell layers and the yolk sac appeared normal
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• impaired placental transport function, as indicated by decreased passive passage of dye from the mother to the embryo and decreased elimination of dye from embryo circulation
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cellular
• massive apoptosis in E10.5 embryos
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cardiovascular system
• branching of fetal vessels in the placenta was insufficient compared to controls at E8.5 and fetal vessels failed to elongate and bifurcate into the labyrinth layer and instead collapsed and some showed degenerative change and thrombus formation at E11.5
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• seen in E10.5 embryos
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