mortality/aging
• embryos are present at E10.5 but absent at E11.5
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embryo
• the yolk sac is poorly vascularized
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• increased numbers of apoptotic cells are seen in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues at E7.0 - E8.5; however, cell proliferation appears normal
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• the uniformity and symmetry seen in wild-type embryos is absent
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• embryos fail to undergo axial turning
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• embryos arrest by E10.5
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• delayed development is seen in some embryos at E8.0
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• embryos are slightly smaller than wild-type littermates at E7.5 and severely reduced in size by E8.5
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• at E8.5 cell debris is seen in the neural tube
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• at E9.5 only rare embryos display closure of the head folds
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• in the posterior of the embryo, kinking of the neural tube is common
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• at E9.5 embryos have fewer somites than control littermates
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• occasional failure of chorioallantoic fusion is seen
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cellular
• increased numbers of apoptotic cells are seen in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues at E7.0 - E8.5; however, cell proliferation appears normal
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nervous system
• at E8.5 cell debris is seen in the neural tube
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• at E9.5 only rare embryos display closure of the head folds
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• in the posterior of the embryo, kinking of the neural tube is common
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growth/size/body
• delayed development is seen in some embryos at E8.0
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• embryos are slightly smaller than wild-type littermates at E7.5 and severely reduced in size by E8.5
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cardiovascular system
• the yolk sac is poorly vascularized
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