cardiovascular system
• enlarged, rounded hearts
|
• hypertrophy of left ventricular septum and free wall
• thickening of endothelium of the left ventricle with fibrous tissue
• myocyte hypertrophy
|
• dilation of right ventricular free wall
|
• mild
|
• hypodynamic; maximal rates of contraction and relaxation are reduced to 40% of the values obtained for controls
(J:40165)
• skinned fiber bundles from transgenic mouse hearts ectopically expressing enteric smooth muscle gamma-actin show no differences in maximum Ca2+ activated tension or maximum rate of tension redevelopment after a quick release and rapid restretch protocol
(J:107848)
• however, transgenic fiber bundles exhibit a reduced sensitivity to Ca2+ tension and an increased economy of force development (~35% less ATP hydrolysis) relative to nontransgenic fiber bundles
(J:107848)
• reduced sensitivity to Ca2+ tension coupled with slower cross-bridge cycling rates are likely to account for the slow rate of contraction noted in the intact heart
(J:107848)
|
• significantly reduced rate of ventricular contraction and relaxation
|
• reduction in the rate of ventricular relaxation
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• thrombi evident in left ventricular wall and occluding the highly dilated right atrium
|
muscle
• hypertrophy of left ventricular septum and free wall
• thickening of endothelium of the left ventricle with fibrous tissue
• myocyte hypertrophy
|
• hypodynamic; maximal rates of contraction and relaxation are reduced to 40% of the values obtained for controls
(J:40165)
• skinned fiber bundles from transgenic mouse hearts ectopically expressing enteric smooth muscle gamma-actin show no differences in maximum Ca2+ activated tension or maximum rate of tension redevelopment after a quick release and rapid restretch protocol
(J:107848)
• however, transgenic fiber bundles exhibit a reduced sensitivity to Ca2+ tension and an increased economy of force development (~35% less ATP hydrolysis) relative to nontransgenic fiber bundles
(J:107848)
• reduced sensitivity to Ca2+ tension coupled with slower cross-bridge cycling rates are likely to account for the slow rate of contraction noted in the intact heart
(J:107848)
|
• significantly reduced rate of ventricular contraction and relaxation
|
• reduction in the rate of ventricular relaxation
|
growth/size/body
• enlarged, rounded hearts
|
• hypertrophy of left ventricular septum and free wall
• thickening of endothelium of the left ventricle with fibrous tissue
• myocyte hypertrophy
|