endocrine/exocrine glands
• the number of somatostatin+ delta cells is decreased to 7% and 3% of the islets cells in female and male homozygotes, respectively, compared to 13% and 9% in female and male wild-type mice
|
• when islets are incubated in vitro in a high glucose solution levels of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are significantly decreased
• at 3 months of age 15 minutes after an injection of glucose insulin levels are not increased unlike in control mice
|
• serum C-peptide levels are increased at 3 and 12 months of age suggesting an increase in beta cell insulin release
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• when islets are incubated in vitro in a high glucose solution levels of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are significantly decreased
• at 3 months of age 15 minutes after an injection of glucose insulin levels are not increased unlike in control mice
|
• serum C-peptide levels are increased at 3 and 12 months of age suggesting an increase in beta cell insulin release
|
• at 12 months but not at 3 months of age, fasting blood glucose levels are decreased
|
• at 12 months but not at 3 months of age, basal insulin levels are increased
|
• at 12 months but not at 3 months of age, the increase in serum glucose levels is much greater and the increase in serum insulin levels is decreased compared to wild-type mice
|
• at 3 months of age after insulin injection blood glucose and insulin levels return to normal levels sooner than in control mice
|