skeleton
• trabecular bone volume is decreased in 24- and 52-week old mice
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• reduction in cortical thickness of the femur
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• isolated bone marrow cells grown in culture exhibit reduced mineralization after differentiation into osteoblasts but normal osteoclastogenesis
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• decrease in bone formation
• however, osteoclast numbers and their resorptive activity are not affected
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• femurs show decreased biomechanical stability in three point-bending assays
• microcrompression testing shows that force until bone failure is reduced in L6 vertebral bodies
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immune system
N |
• homozygotes are viable, fertile, and display no abnormalities in the development and distribution of the main cellular components of the immune system, NK cell proliferation or function, and antiviral responses against vesicular stomatitis virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
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