mortality/aging
• few homozygotes live beyond 4 weeks of age
|
• homozygotes are present at only 5.4% of the total rather than the expected 25% and about 90% of surviving homozygotes are male
|
immune system
small thymus
(
J:100055
)
• cellularity of the thymus is severely reduced with preferential loss in the cortex and apoptosis in the thymus is increased
|
• a 5-fold reduction in the number of thymocytes per gram body weight is seen in the thymus; however T cells in the spleen are not reduced
|
• expression of CD25 is retained in cells with intermediate CD3 expression rather than being lost as in wild-type cells
|
• all populations of T cells are decreased but the double positive population is preferentially affected
|
• the percentage and number of myeloid cells is increased in the bone marrow spleen and peripheral blood and the number of myeloid progenitors capable of colony formation in vitro is increased 2- to 3-fold
• the number of erythroid progenitors is not increased
|
• a 2- to 3-fold reduction in the percentage and absolute number of B cells is seen compared to littermate controls and B cell apoptosis is increased 2- to 3-fold
|
• TNF levels are elevated in extracts from hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic tissues and in cultures of bone marrow and thymus
|
growth/size/body
• reduced size is noticeable at 3 - 4 days of age
|
• homozygotes fail to thrive and gain little weight
|
adipose tissue
• loss of body fat including subcutaneous fat is seen
|
skeleton
• the bones appear thin and flaky
|
hematopoietic system
small thymus
(
J:100055
)
• cellularity of the thymus is severely reduced with preferential loss in the cortex and apoptosis in the thymus is increased
|
• a 5-fold reduction in the number of thymocytes per gram body weight is seen in the thymus; however T cells in the spleen are not reduced
|
• expression of CD25 is retained in cells with intermediate CD3 expression rather than being lost as in wild-type cells
|
• all populations of T cells are decreased but the double positive population is preferentially affected
|
• the percentage and number of myeloid cells is increased in the bone marrow spleen and peripheral blood and the number of myeloid progenitors capable of colony formation in vitro is increased 2- to 3-fold
• the number of erythroid progenitors is not increased
|
• a 2- to 3-fold reduction in the percentage and absolute number of B cells is seen compared to littermate controls and B cell apoptosis is increased 2- to 3-fold
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• TNF levels are elevated in extracts from hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic tissues and in cultures of bone marrow and thymus
|
integument
• hair follicles appear greater in number and somewhat disorganized
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
small thymus
(
J:100055
)
• cellularity of the thymus is severely reduced with preferential loss in the cortex and apoptosis in the thymus is increased
|
• a 5-fold reduction in the number of thymocytes per gram body weight is seen in the thymus; however T cells in the spleen are not reduced
|